For much of Europe’s post-liberalisation energy history, volatility was understood as a cyclical phenomenon. Prices rose and fell in response to identifiable triggers: cold winters, supply outages, ge
One energy system, three fuels: Why Europe no longer has separate power, gas, and oil markets
For most of the modern history of European energy policy, electricity, natural gas, and oil were treated as adjacent but fundamentally separate domains. They were regulated through different framework
From power flows to industrial costs: How EU electricity volatility reshapes competitiveness in southeast Europe
For decades, electricity was treated by industry as a predictable input. Prices fluctuated within narrow bands, supply security was largely taken for granted, and energy strategy focused on efficiency
Flexibility without reward: Why southeast Europe balances Europe’s power system but captures none of the value
In the emerging architecture of Europe’s electricity system, flexibility has become the most valuable attribute a power asset can possess. The ability to ramp output quickly, absorb surplus generation
Europe’s variable power system: How wind, solar and nuclear reshaped electricity flows from the EU core to southeast Europe
For most of the past half-century, Europe’s electricity system could be understood through a relatively simple lens. Power was generated close to where it was consumed, national systems were planned a
Rising energy costs: Serbia’s emerging industrial bottleneck
For most of the last two decades Serbia’s industrial competitiveness was framed around familiar variables: labour cost, tax stability, logistics access to the EU, and a reasonably priced electricity s
Hydrogen metallurgy: Europe’s industrial future and Serbia’s strategic opportunity
Europe’s decarbonisation agenda is accelerating faster in steel and metallurgy than in almost any other heavy industry. The European Green Deal, CBAM implementation, rising carbon costs, corporate ESG
Scenario-based 2030–2040 supply-chain outlook: electricity, logistics, SEE corridors and Europe’s processing competitiveness
Europe’s pursuit of strategic autonomy in raw materials, electrification metals and industrial processing capacity is entering a decade defined by volatile energy markets, shifting logistics routes, g
Technical explainer for investors on flexibility requirements in a high-RES Serbian grid
For investors evaluating Serbia’s renewable market, the most critical variable shaping project viability over the next decade is not the installed capacity of wind or solar, but the system’s ability t
Energy costs and manufacturing in Serbia
As the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) moves from reporting into its financial phase, manufacturing competitiveness for the EU market is being structurally redefined. Cost is no longer measu