For most of the modern history of European energy policy, electricity, natural gas, and oil were treated as adjacent but fundamentally separate domains. They were regulated through different framework
Carbon Borders and Industrial Geography: How Electricity, Mining, and CBAM Are Redefining Near-Shoring in Europe
The European Union’s progressive expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is redefining industrial location strategy. No longer a limited carbon levy on select commodities, CBAM now
From Ore to Output: How CBAM is Integrating Mining, Processing, and Manufacturing into a Carbon-Priced Value Chain
The EU’s expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) into downstream manufactured goods represents a structural shift for the mining and metals sector. What began as a carbon levy on a
Electricity as the Hidden Backbone of CBAM: Why Power Strategy Determines Manufacturing Competitiveness
The latest CBAM draft confirms what industrial and power-market analysts have long suspected: electricity is no longer a peripheral factor in carbon pricing—it is becoming the structural backbone thro
Serbia Emerges as Europe’s Strategic Engineering Hub: Comparative Analysis with Poland, Romania, and Turkey
As Europe accelerates its metals and materials transition, demand for specialised engineering—covering process modelling, plant automation, electrical systems, metallurgical simulation, and commission
Europe Rebuilds Its Industrial Backbone by Reinventing Metals and Materials Processing
Europe is entering a decisive period in transforming its metals, minerals, and materials ecosystem. For decades, the continent relied on global markets for ores, concentrates, and refined materials, e
From power flows to industrial costs: How EU electricity volatility reshapes competitiveness in southeast Europe
For decades, electricity was treated by industry as a predictable input. Prices fluctuated within narrow bands, supply security was largely taken for granted, and energy strategy focused on efficiency
Flexibility without reward: Why southeast Europe balances Europe’s power system but captures none of the value
In the emerging architecture of Europe’s electricity system, flexibility has become the most valuable attribute a power asset can possess. The ability to ramp output quickly, absorb surplus generation
Europe’s variable power system: How wind, solar and nuclear reshaped electricity flows from the EU core to southeast Europe
For most of the past half-century, Europe’s electricity system could be understood through a relatively simple lens. Power was generated close to where it was consumed, national systems were planned a
Carbon borders and industrial geography: Serbia at the crossroads of electricity, mining, and CBAM-driven near-shoring
The expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is quietly redefining Serbia’s position in Europe’s industrial map. What was once framed as a peripheral regulatory issue—relevant mainly to pri