Europe’s core industrial economies are increasingly constrained. High and volatile energy prices, dense regulatory frameworks, urban saturation, community resistance to new heavy industrial assets and
Europe doesn’t need more raw materials — it needs control of industrial systems, and Serbia is where that control can anchor
Europe often frames its industrial vulnerability as a resource scarcity issue. Political speeches emphasise “access” to lithium, rare earths, nickel, copper or manganese. Strategy papers discuss upstr
South-East Europe as Europe’s heavy-industry shock absorber — with Serbia as its competitive anchor
Europe’s core industrial economies are increasingly constrained. High and volatile energy prices, dense regulatory frameworks, urban saturation, community resistance to new heavy industrial assets and
Infrastructure is destiny: How grids, pipelines and bottlenecks create price signals
Energy markets are often analysed as abstractions: prices, curves, spreads, marginal costs. Infrastructure appears in these models as a constraint, a background condition that occasionally matters dur
South-East Europe as Europe’s stress test: What the region reveals about the energy transition
South-East Europe does not sit on the periphery of Europe’s energy system. It sits at its edge in a different sense: the edge where constraints bind first, where volatility appears earliest, and where
Trading energy in a system under stress: Portfolios, hedging, and survival in a multi-fuel market
Energy trading was once about exploiting inefficiencies. Price differences across regions, fuels, or time horizons were treated as opportunities for arbitrage. Volatility was episodic, correlations we
Flexibility as the new currency: Why speed, storage, and response matter more than capacity
For decades, energy economics was built around capacity. Installed megawatts, pipeline diameters, storage volumes, and reserve margins were treated as the primary indicators of system strength. If cap
The invisible hand of oil: Logistics, refineries, and the hidden drivers of power and gas prices
For much of the past two decades, oil was treated as a declining force in Europe’s electricity story. As power generation moved away from fuel oil and toward gas, nuclear, and renewables, oil was conc
Gas at the centre: How balancing, LNG, and spark spreads now define power prices
For most of Europe’s electricity-market history, natural gas played a supporting role. It was a reliable, dispatchable fuel that complemented baseload generation and provided peak capacity when needed
Volatility is no longer cyclical: How shocks now propagate across Europe’s energy system
For much of Europe’s post-liberalisation energy history, volatility was understood as a cyclical phenomenon. Prices rose and fell in response to identifiable triggers: cold winters, supply outages, ge